Reference: Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Copyright year). Title of song [Recorded by name of recording artist if different]. On Title of album [Medium of recording: mp3, CD, record, etc.]. Location: Label. (Date of song if different from song copyright date)
Example: Brown, P., & Rans, R. (1984). Material Girl [Recorded by Madonna]. On Like a virgin [CD]. New York, NY: Sire Records.
In-Text-Citation:
Example:
Reference: Composer last name, Initials. (Year) Title of score. Notes. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example:
Handel, G. F. (1912) Alexander's feast : ode. Edited, and the organ or pianoforte accompaniment arranged by Vincent Novello. London: Novello.
In-Text-Citation:
Example:
Reference: Artist Last name, Initials. (Year) 'Title of track', Title of Album [CD] or [Vinyl]. Place of distribution: Distribution company.
Example: Armstrong, L. (1987) 'Put 'em down blues', Hot five & hot seven : 1925-1928 [CD]. France: Joker Tonverlag AG.
In-Text-Citation:
Example:
Note: If referring to a whole album, cite as above, simply leaving out the 'Title track' element of the reference.
There are two styles of MHRA referencing - footnotes/bibliography style and author/date style. This guide covers notes/bibliography style. For more information on both types of styles please see information here from the Univeristy of St. Andrews, and here from the MHRA style guide online.
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Capitalize abbreviations No. and Op. in the title. Include the date of composition (it can be a range of years) after the title of the piece. Include medium of publication. If the score is part of a series, include the information about the series after the medium of publication. If there is no publisher listed, you can write N.p. No date, n.d.
Prokofiev, Sergey. Symphonie Classique: Op. 25. 1916-1917. London: Boosey, 1942. Print.
Score with no date of publication:
Prokofieff, Sergei. Symphony No. 1: Classical Symphony, Op. 25. 1916-1917. Michigan: Luck’s Music, n.d. Print.
Write the title of the piece as it appears on the CD cover.
Prokofiev, Sergey. Symphony No. 1 in D, Op. 25 'Classical.' Perf. Scottish National Orchestra. Cond. Neeme Järvi. Chandos, 1985. CD.
No collective title for the recording:
Prokofiev, Sergey. Classical Symphony, Op. 25. Perf. Philadelphia Orchestra. Cond. Eugene Ormandy. Columbia, 1973. LP.
Collective Title:
Prokofiev, Sergey. “Classical Symphony in D Major, Op. 25.” All the Works for Orchestra. Perf. Orchestre national de l'ORTF, Paris. Cond. Jean Martinon. Vox, 1972. LP.
Please note that there are two style of Chicago referencing: author/date style and notes/bibliography style. This guide covers notes/bibliography style.
Footnote example:
|
57. Nina Simone, "Balm in Gilead," recorded January 1978, on Baltimore, CTI, streaming audio, accessed December 10, 2017, https://open.spotify.com/track/6pivheXpihCt0tUvklH6oM. |
Bibliography example:
|
Rubinstein, Artur. The Chopin Collection. Recorded 1946, 1958-67. RCA Victor/BMG 60822-2-RG, 1991. CD. |
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